MG11 
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Emergent universe with bulk viscosity

Recently, an emergent universe scenario has been proposed [G R R Ellis & R Maartens (2004) Class Quantum Grav 21, 223; G F R Ellis et al, gr-qc/0307112] in which the universe starts out in an almost static state in the infinite past. It eventually evolves into an inflationary state as in standard cosmology. The advantage of such a scenario is that the big bang singularity is avoided, and there is no need for a quantum regime. Studies have been carried out with a scalar field, in the Starobinsky model [S Mukherjee et al, gr-qc/0506103), with a tachyonic field [B C Paul & A Beesham, in preparation] and with exotic matter [S Mukherjee et al, in preparation]. It is shown that an emergent universe scenario can be realised with an imperfect fluid, viz., with bulk viscosity.