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Searching for Lorentz violations and variations in fundamental constants using a cryogenic sapphire oscillator and a H-maser

We present continuous operation of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) compared to various Hydrogen Masers from 2003-8 and search both the beat frequency and the time derivative with respect sidereal and annual modulations. The statistical analysis gives P_KT = (-1±0.5)x10-7 (Kennedy-Thorndike Lorentz invariance test). Also, we analyze the data with respect to a change in gravitational potential. The result gives β_H-Maser-β_CSO = (-2.7±1.4)× 10^-4, which is two orders of magnitude better than other tests that use electromagnetic resonators. With respect to fundamental constants a limit can be provided on the variation with ambient gravitational potential and boost of a combination of the fine structure constant, the normalized quark mass, and the electron to proton mass ratio.

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